Nepal is a land of extreme contrasts in climate and geography. It has a unique topography ranging from lowlands with sub-tropical jungles to arctic conditions in the Himalayan highlands. Within a mere 150 kilometers, the land rises from near sea level in the south to over 8,000 meters in the north. This together with the monsoon rainfall along the south facing slopes has resulted in compacting virtually all climate zones found on planet earth. as result , Nepal has been endowed with the great diversity of life- zones providing a home for a large variety , birds and animals.

Terai lowland is the richest habitat with the tall grasslands interspersed with reverie and hardwood Sal forest. Here one can see wild life such as the Swamp deer, musk deer, black buck, blue bull, and the Royal Bengal tiger, Gharial and mugger crocodiles, and the last of a breed of Asiatic wild buffalo. This area is also rich in birdlife with verity of babblers and orioles, Koles , drongos , peacocks  and a multitude of wintering wildfowl.

Once one if the most famous big game hunting areas in Asia , Chitwan National park now offers protection to a large array of mammals such as the one- horned rhinoceros, tiger , leopard, sloth bear and the gaur ( wild bison ) as well as more then 400 species of birds.

The Royal Bardia National Park is situated one the eastern banks of the Karnali river , about 400 km west of Kathmandu . The park is 968sq. kms. In area extends from Churia hills southward to the gentle slopes of the Bhabhar,. The western end of the Bardia is bounded by numerous water -ways of the Karnali river which have created many large and small gravel islands.
Bardia is the home of wide variety of animals, many of which live in and around the Phantas. These open grasslands such as Baghora and Lamkoili are the best places to view animals. The most conspicuous of which is the spotted deer. Other ungulates include black buck , hog deer , samber deer, wild boar and Barasingha or swamp deer. Two species of monkeys , the langur and the rhesus macaque are also present . The park is famous for its small herds of wild elephants which are rarely seen. The Park also boasts a small population of the rare gharial , the marsh mugger crocodile and the Gangetic dolphin. The island of the Karnali river harbours the sub -continents largest antelope species , the Nelgai or Blue bull. More then 350 specious have been recorded in Bardia, truly a bird watcher`s paradise.